Crime Statistics Do Not Reflect True Crime Rates Essay

Crime statistics are not what we are led to believe. We hear a lot about the crime rates going up and down from the media and they tend to expand on specific types of criminal behavior that might be of interest to the public. When politicians are running for office we are told that the crime rates are down due to the tough crime policies that they have been implemented. Citizens seek crime rates for assistance in determining if the area they reside in is safe. Some people wish to get a general idea of the crime rates for a specific neighborhood where they are thinking of purchasing a house. But what is never explained is where do the crime statistics come from and were there any factors that could have had an effect on their†¦show more content†¦By police agencies using this form of statistical classifying, there is a major loss in the data of the lower crimes on the scale. A complete total of certain crimes are not included in the statistics creating several inaccuracies in the totals. The UCR policy does not require all crimes to be reported to the state. Violations of the General City Ordinance and Vehicle and Traffic Law are considered too low for the hierarchy scale. These types of crimes are never included in the monthly submission and we generally never hear about them. Since crime statistics begin at the forefront of the police department, the police officer, this leaves a lot of room for unreliability. Police officers create crime data by completing and submitting crime reports and arrest reports. These reports include all of the pertinent information necessary for the committed crime(s) for a specific incident. There are times when police officers fail to complete written reports of certain crimes or they downgrade the offense of a report to a less serious offense. Meanwhile, some police reports are over-rated in the seriousness of certain offenses. At the end of each officers shift the reports and arrest records are submitted to the appropriate unit or division of occurrence. Within a day or two these records are then transferred to a central records department and maintained at this location. During the transfer from one unit to another these recordsShow MoreRelatedA Comparative Analysis Of Official Crime Statistics And Unofficial Measures Essay1291 Words   |  6 Pagesclaim that crime is increasing or decreasing in New Zealand is a statement with various inbuilt assumptions. Crime is not a simple notion to define, nor is it easy to measure. This essay will perform a comparative analysis between ‘Official Crime Statistics’ and unofficial measures, highlighting that both me thods are limited in reflecting the true nature and scope of crime, as the notion of crime is contested. Official crime statistics follow a positivist approach, assuming that crime is a staticRead MoreThe Usefulness of Ocs in Measuring Crime1380 Words   |  6 PagesDeviance is not usually a crime, but may be seen as one. Deviance is when someone breaks the norms and values of a society, but the act is not illegal. Crime is where a person beaks the law of land, they either do something they shouldn’t, or they don’t do something they should. Crime and deviance can be measured with the use of Official Crime Statistic (OCS). OCS is the crimes which are reported by the victim, and then further recorded by the Police. Not all crimes are recorded by the Police, whichRead MoreEvaluate the usefulness of quantitative methods in sociological research990 Words   |  4 Pagesmeasuring the data, experimental control and manipulation of variables, collecting the data, modeling and analyzing the data. and then evaluating the results. 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This then Read MoreThe Uniform Crime Report And The National Crime Victimization Survey1569 Words   |  7 Pagesarguments over crime statistics. The Uniform Crime Report (UCR), Self-Report Surveys (SRS), and the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) are three methods in which the government collects data, and monitors criminal activity in the United States. The Uniform Crime Reports, Self-Report Surveys, and the National Crime Victimization Survey each have both positive and negative attributes that have influenced different aspects of society. â€Å"The Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) provides official crime totals forRead MoreCrime Is Defined And Recorded, And Will1415 Words   |  6 Pagesare determined by those in power, such as the government and police. If someone breaks these rules, they are labelled deviant. This essay will look at the implications of this view in regards to how crime is defined and recorded, and will also assess the effect this has on official criminal statistics. Becker (1963: p. 9) states that, â€Å"‘social groups create deviance by making the rules whose infraction constitutes deviance’, and by applying those rules to particular people and labelling them as outsiders†Read MoreThe Role of Police in Society Essay1490 Words   |  6 Pagesheated and large debate. Many believe that the police should give up their brute type tactics for a more civilized and humanized approach, while others feel that the police should crack down on the most insignificant of offences to type and disparage crimes that are more serious. In this paper, we will be analyzing both sides of this issue, from the look of the police administration to the publics view of it. When we mention todays police force we will be using the New York City police force as areRead Moreâ€Å"Social Change And Crime Rate Trends: A Routine Activity1526 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å"Social Change and Crime Rate Trends: A Routine Activity Approach† takes a unique approach on analyzing crime rate trends by looking not at the characteristics and identities of the offenders of crime, but at circumstances and environmental factors surrounding the crime (in this case only crimes confined to predator violence that involves physical contact) that takes place. The piece analyzes several different aspects of what the authors refer to as ‘routine activities.’ By showing real data collectedRead MoreRace And Crime : Criminal Justice System1460 Words   |  6 PagesRace and crime are interwoven with how justice and criminology are handled. Police have a racial bias against blacks and incarcerate them in larger numbers than any other race. Statistically, blacks have a higher arrest and incarceration rate than other races do. Due to police being taught that racial profiling is a necessary part of the job, blacks have now become a prime target for many false arrests and often serve jail time for a crime they may not have committed. The black c ommunity often expressesRead More1: Crime and People819 Words   |  4 Pagesprogram at Human Rights Watch, how does the growing number of prisoners reflect a human rights problem? â€Å"As many of the people caught up in the criminal justice system are low income, racial and ethnic minorities, often forgotten by society,† Besides juveniles, what other age group is experiencing unprecedented incarceration rates? Does this surprise you? Why or why not? Another age group experiencing unprecedented incarceration rates is with very elderly people. Yes, it surprises me very much. I was

H. G. Wells was a Famous English Author of Science-fiction...

Wells, H. G. (1866-1946), was a famous English novelist, historian, science writer, and author of science-fiction stories. Wellss novel Tono-Bungay (1909) best reveals his varied talents. The novel, a story of the dishonest promotion of a patent medicine, contains social criticism tinged with satire. In it, Wells described trips in airplanes and submarines at a time when such journeys seemed like science fiction. Herbert George Wells was born on Sept. 21, 1866, in Bromley, Kent (now part of London). He drew on his lower-middle-class background in some of his finest novels, including Kipps (1905) and The History of Mr. Polly (1909). His training as a scientist is reflected in his imaginative science-fiction stories. The Time Machine (1895) describes the adventures of a man who can transport himself into the future. Wells wrote about an invasion from Mars in The War of the Worlds (1898) and described a fictional utopia in The Shape of Things to Come (1933). Wells supported social reform in the novel The New Machiavelli (1911), in the nonfiction study The Work, Wealth and Happiness of Mankind (1932), and in other books. He wrote The Outline of History (1920), a story of the development of the human race. The book shows Wellss knowledge of biology and his liberal attitude in politics. With his son Geoffrey and Sir Julian Huxley, Wells wrote The Science of Life (1929-1930), a four-volume discussion of the principles of biology. Wells told his life story in Experiment inShow MoreRelatedSurvival of the Fittest1409 Words   |  6 PagesSurvival of the fittest. This idea, also known as Darwinism, was theorized by scientist Charles Darwin to explain the evolution of animal species. In the late 1800s, however, the idea of Social Darwinism emerged and applied the same concepts of Darwinism but on humans not animals. As defined by the dictionary, Social Darwinism is a belief, popular in the late Victorian era throughout the world, which states that the strongest or toughest should survive and flourish in society, while the weak andRead MoreVictorian Novel9605 Words   |  39 PagesTHE VICTORIAN NOVEL SPIS TREÃ…Å¡CI INTRODUCTION 1 I THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE NOVEL 2 II KEY AUTHORS 3 III KEY TEXTS 3 IV TOPICS 3 INTRODUCTION Many associate the word â€Å"Victorian† with images of over-dressed ladies and snooty gentlemen gathered in reading rooms. The idea of â€Å"manners† does sum up the social climate of middle-class England in the nineteenth century. However, if there is one transcending aspect to Victorian England life and society, that aspect is change. 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These changes reflect in the new topics of contemporary literature. In this essay I am going to look at the effect created by Arthur Conan Doyle and H G Wells in three short stories, analysing how this effect has added to the plot, setting and atmosphere. In order to fullyRead MoreLiterature and Language10588 Words   |  43 PagesBurton, 1990) Helmut Hatzfeld was the first biographer of stylistics and his work in A Critical Bibliography of the New Stylistics (1953) was continued by Louis Milic’s Style and stylistics (1967), Richard Bailey and Dolores Burton’ s English Stylistics (1968) and James Bennett’ s A Bibliography of Stylistics and Related Criticism (1986). Until Helmut Hatzfeld brought out his bibiography the word â€Å"stylistics† had not appeared in the title of any English book about style although â€Å"stylistique†Read MoreThe Genre of Stokers Dracula Essay6296 Words   |  26 Pageshe edges towards his victims. 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Wells’ Short Stories â€Å"Mr Skelmersdale in Fairyland†, â€Å"The Door in the Wall† and â€Å"A Dream of Armageddon† Lars Wallner C Course: Literary Specialisation Autumn, 2008 Supervisor: Helena Granlund â€Å"I have dreamed a dream†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Lars Wallner, Autumn 2008 Table of Contents Introduction..........................................................................................................

Max weeber Free Essays

Max Weber is the father of father of the bureaucratic management theory. ‘This theory has two essential element . The prime one is configuring a institution in hierarchy and second one is the organization and the its people are administered by specific legal decision making rules. We will write a custom essay sample on Max weeber or any similar topic only for you Order Now He believed that once bureaucracy has established in organization it is extremely defiant to any attempt to remove Its power. Weber Identified three basic types of legitimate authority, Traditional authority- where people accept the authority due to tradition and custom. Charismatic authority- In this the acceptances take place from the loyalty to and the confidence In the personal qualities of the rules. Rational-legal authority- Here the concurrence comes from the office position and the person who Is bounded by the rules. In current environment we can see the third legitimate authority. Weber theory still exists In many organizations we can see In current business environment very organization Is divided In hierarchy. In an organization structure follows the Dillon system for Instance at top level, managing director give have and the other apartment are divided according to their rights and obligations. In the given diagram we can see the division of work into departments in organization. Second principle of bureaucracy says that the decision making power is conserve to the Top level management and the lower lever are only to follow the direction prescribed to them. We can apply Weeper’s principle of bureaucracy here as follow Division of labor -This principle can be seen here the every department have their specific work and delegation authority. Structure based on hierarchy a pyramid of control is there managing director supervise its subordinate at lower level and the lower level managers supervise floor workers like in the military where higher-level officials supervise lower-level officials inside the organization authority. Employment which presupposes expert training-every employee should show their ability to adapt and work in training process and almost every company provides training to their employees to check their ability. Employees are full-time career worker- this principle refers to the increased control of the organization on employees. Operation of the organization is based upon rigid and impersonal rules of behavior-this is some time perceived as the bureaucracy is against human. In some organization employees are suppose to work as machine without thinking. Some of the organization use modified version of it, in this scenario employees get some to provide suggestion which scan be considered by the top level management In decision making process. How to cite Max weeber, Papers

Business and Corporation Law

Question: Discuss about theBusiness and Corporation Law. Answer: Issue In this case the matter wants the establishment of the fact that whether there was an enforceable contract between Richard and his father. This matter wants to choose that whether the parties to the agreement had the reason of entering into a legal association or not. In this case, an assurance has been given by Richards father to his son that he will give $200 per week to him if he would move fields and take care of the assets in an appropriate manner. But before entering into this agreement his father have already paid the Gardner contractor a sum of $200. Richards father did not pay the sum to his son because he already paid the required sum to the Gardner, so he did not pay the assured amount to his son. At the same time, the reason for fathers denial was that he thought that his son was the member of his family who has been granted free boarding and lodging by him. This matter therefore, needs aid of the basic elements as it is a crucial case which if not solved then would be pe nalized. Fundamental In order to understand the case certain rules and regulations are essentially needed to be followed. The rule of a contract provides an order to make an observation that whether a contract was present between the parties or not. But in order to establish that a contract exist between the parties certain important elements have to be present. The essential elements include Price paid for a promise; a proposal and approval. On the other hand the contract also needs to oblige for the parties to the agreement that they should have the intention that the agreement would be enforceable by Act. The essential requirement associated with the objective of the parties to the agreement was to develop a legal relationship which have been introduced to produce a irregularity between the matters relating to family and cultural agreement as well as the agreements in which an action by the court was essential (Harland Lindgren, 1996). The effect of this introduction of this obligation was that all t he agreements which were entered between the parties were not enforceable by the courts. For example if two friends have decided to go for a movie in evening, there must be an agreement like an assurance between them which was not enforceable by law. However in these kinds of matters it has been seen very rarely that the requirements of the parties have been abided by law. At the same time, in order to decide that whether the agreement between the parties could be enforced by the courts, also if the parties had an intention of making a legal relationship; then also the act sustain variation among the family, cultural, and business agreements (Fleming, 1996). Court Order Courts have been regarded as the highest authority in order to solve any case and any type of family or societal issue. This case was also resolved by the direction given by the court. Several rules were applied by the court and the conclusion was drawn out keeping in view the benefit of the parties. The court illustrated that even if the societal or the family agreements were entered into between the parties then also it was very complex in nature. At last there was a presumption which was made that the objective of the parties while entering into agreement was not to create a legal relation between themselves though the other parties created a clear aim to the contrary. The detailed principles of this matter were that Mrs. Jones assured to grant her daughter Mrs. Padavatton a stipend of $200 each month if she would leave her job and come back to London from Washington. Mrs. Jones did not require her daughter to stay in Washington thats why she told her beloved daughter to comeback to London. In the beginning, her daughter did not agree on the offer which her mother made, but after some time the daughter agreed with the proposal of her mother as a result of which she came back to London. Mrs. Jones wanted that her daughter after completing her studies would join as a lawyer in Trinidad. However, the agreement did not run easily as the doctor was under a suspicion that her mother would give US dollars but she targeted to give Trinidad dollars which were half the price of US dollars. As a result of this, her daughter managed to lease a single room and stayed with her son. Thus, her mother wants to purchase a big room in which the doctor may live happily as well as she would lease various rooms. The money which would come as a payment from rent would be used by the physician. After few days, the daughter got married and due to this she was not able to complete her studies. In this circumstance, Mrs. Jones wants get back the ownership of the house. During this tim e, the case which was previously taken by the court was whether this was a domestic agreement or the party wishes the agreement to be legally enforceable (Merrett Ville, 2004). The court concluded at the end that the agreement between the parties was family agreement. Thus, the assumption which was present was not the objective of the parties to create a legal relation. In this concern, the court clarified the principle that no prove has been stated by the other parties. Therefore, the matter would be clearer to solve. In this matter, the agreement was between the father and son thus the assumption which was present was that of a family agreement, which was not the aim of the parties that the agreement may be enforced by law. In this situation, Richards did not assert the value of $200 per week from his father in court. Issue The case which requires to settle in this matter that it relates to the remedies that may be rewarded to Frere Bros for violation of contract dedicated by Joe. There have been very few of the cases in accordance with the contract law in which the party to the contract fails to execute its commitment under the agreement which have been imposed on the party by the said agreement, it has also illustrated that very few parties has violated the contract. Where there has been a violation of a contract by a party then the act gives the other party the right to get the satisfactory remedy. The major remedies which have been granted to the honest party when there has been a contravention of a contract include injunction; dangers and the preparation of particular presentation. Contract law has been an important key to solve any type of commercial issue or trade issue. Agreement Terms Normally the remedy would be granted when there has been a contravention of any contract. The law of contract gives the price which may be awarded by the court on the basis of the cost which has been incurred by the other parties by the fault in the agreement. Hence, it could be depicted that the compensatory price has to be given under the common act for the violation of contract. The main cause of giving a remedy to the honest party in case of violation of a contract was that the monetary compensation may be granted to the party as the loss has suffered by another party due to violation of a contract by other party. Therefore, in the matter of contravention of a contract the innocent party has to face the loss (Hovell Williams, 2003). The jeopardizes in a contract was not given by the court as a penalty to the party for the cause which was not capable to execute the duty imposed on it by such contract. In the similar way, while awarding agreement risks, courts have not permitted t he payment ability of the defendant. As a result of this, the price of compensation which was awarded by the courts was based on various points which were present among the change under the contract as well as the cost that requires to be incurred by the other party for the performance of contract. Another remedy that was vacant in the matter of contravention of contract was that of specific performance. Performance was vital as it would define more successful things. There were very few guaranteed cases where the remedy of the specific performance acts essentially. While awarding the remedy of the specific performance, the courts make a rule in accordance with the defendant should have performed his role, concerning in regard to which the defendant has been found to be executing as per the contract. Basically courts award remedy of specific performance in lawful way as per which the particular party should be doing something or was asked for not doing something. It has been seen th at the court makes a rule of specific performance to establish a dealing which had been created earlier. The remedy of specific performance may be affirmed as the most successful. In few cases the court has approved this remedy in order to save the possible curiosity of the party in the matter of violation of contract. In each and every matter the performance should be precise and the remedy which would be granted must be of high quality. However, the court grants the remedy for specific performance. Although it was so much considerable that the court permit if sufficient liberation would be given to the innocent party if the remedy of repayment was granted. On the other hand, the court will reject to proposal of a remedy of exact award to be given. It would be held in the cases where the contract did not expressly have described the terms and conditions of the agreement. Also the remedy of the specific performance will not be offered by the courts if the award for such remedy will come out in odd hardships. For example, such a situation may be granted in the exact matter where an exclusive subject issue was associated with the contract (Cooter Ulen, 1988). Court Order Order of the court plays a significant role in settling any type of issue. For the purpose of offering release in some matters, the court can pick the remedy of exact performance. A command can also be given by the courts to contract with the specific case where a violation of agreement has been done. To covenant with a violation of a contract, the command may be explained as an additional point which has been created by the court. In this case, the significant party in the contract could be controlled as performing an act. Similarly, an instruction of injunction may needs to oblige a party to cure to have a specific position in future. In this way in order to deal with other cases, there were few types of intentions which the court can grant. For example, this was obtainable by the court, as it was an obligatory command for regulating an interlocutory restriction. The court gives a significant command for the purpose of keeping the issue of contract when the lawful action was going on between the parties. At the same time, the order given to the conceding mandating order needs to oblige a party to accomplish something as per the requirement of the contract. In the present case, the remedy of authority would be most proper that would cure a person from playing in the movie of any other party. The order of the court was very important to obey. Each and every person should follow the regulation which has been approved by the court. References Cooter, R., Ulen, T. (1988). Law and economics. Carter, J. W., Harland, D. J., Lindgren, K. E. (1996).Contract law in Australia. Michie. Balotti, R. F., Finkelstein, J. A. (2008).Delaware Law of Corporations and Business Organizations: Statutory Deskbook 2009(Vol. 4). Aspen Publishers Online. Fleming, G., Merrett, D., Ville, S. (2004).The big end of town: Big business and corporate leadership in twentieth-century Australia. Cambridge University Press. Beale, H. (ed) 2002, Cases, Materials and Text on Contract Law HartPublishing, Oxford Benson, P. (ed)2001,The Theory of Contract Law: New Essays Cambridge UniversityPress, Cambridge Woellner, R., Barkoczy, S., Murphy, S., Evans, C., Pinto, D. (2011).Australian Taxation Law Select: legislation and commentary. CCH Australia. Lefler, R. (2001). Comparision of Comparision: Use of Foreign Case Law as Persuasive Authority by the United States Supreme Court, the Supreme Court of Canada, and the High Court of Australia, A.S. Cal. Interdisc. LJ,11, 165. Charlesworth, H., Chiam, M., Hovell, D., Williams, G. (2003). Deep anxieties: Australia and the international legal order.Sydney L. Rev.,25, 423.